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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(3): 299-303, jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013787

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La infección por hantavirus es una zoonosis emergente, endémica en Chile, generando el síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus (SCPH), caracterizado por disfunción cardiopulmonar con falla respiratoria rápidamente progresiva y altamente letal. Para una orientación clínica precoz del SCPH, debido a su poca especificidad en síntomas y ayudar al diagnóstico diferencial, se han estudiado algunos parámetros de laboratorio que puedan ser de utilidad. Objetivo: Identificar criterios del laboratorio como factores predictores del diagnóstico de SCPH en pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad por hantavirus. Metodología. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de 71 pacientes que ingresaron a Urgencia del Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente. Se determinó la capacidad discriminativa de parámetros de laboratorio al momento de ingreso: recuento de plaquetas, hematocrito, inmunoblastos, TTPa y GOT. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros estudiados entre pacientes confirmados (n: 22) con respecto a los no confirmados (n: 49). Hematocrito, inmunoblastos, GOT y TTPa tuvieron un OR > 1 y las plaquetas un OR < 1. La mejor combinación para predecir SCPH fue hematocrito, plaquetas y GOT con sensibilidad 90,9% y especificidad 81,6%. Conclusión: Los cinco parámetros estudiados son buenos predictores de SCPH en pacientes con sospecha del mismo y podrían ser útiles en hospitales de baja complejidad para rápido traslado a centro que cuente con unidad de pacientes crítico.


Background. The hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonotic disease, endemic in Chile, generating the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), characterized by cardiopulmonary dysfunction with rapidly progressive respiratory failure and high lethality. For an early clinical orientation of HCPS, due to its non-specificity in symptoms and to help the differential diagnosis, some laboratory parameter that may be useful have been studied. Aim: To identify laboratory criteria as predictive factors of HCPS in patients with suspected hantavirus infection. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study of 71 patients admitted to the Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente Emergency. We determined discriminative capacity of laboratory's parameters at the time of admission: platelets recount, hematocrit, inmunoblasts, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT). Results: Were found significant differences in all parameters studied between confirmed patients (22) with respect to unconfirmed (49). Hematocrit, inmunoblasts, AST/GOT and aPTT had a OR > 1 and platelets count had a OR < 1. The best combination for predict HCPS was hematocrit, platelets count and AST/GOT with 90,01% sensibility and 81,63% specificity. Conclusion: The five parameters studied are good predictors of HCS in suspicious patients and they would may be useful in low complexity hospitals for quick transfer a center with critical care units.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Partial Thromboplastin Time/standards , Platelet Count/standards , Aspartate Aminotransferases/standards , Rural Population , Chile , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hematocrit/standards
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(3): 275-281, jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-791019

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Actualmente en Chile, debido a la elevada sospecha clínica de enfermedad por hantavirus y el alto impacto en salud pública que esto provoca, se hace necesario reforzar al equipo de salud, los criterios de sospecha clínica y epidemiológica de hantavirosis. Objetivo: Analizar la información contenida en las notificaciones de sospecha de infección por hantavirus versus la técnica de referencia para el diagnóstico confirmatorio de casos sospechosos, ELISA IgM de captura anti-hantavirus. Material y Método: Mediante cálculo de precisión diagnóstica se analizó la correlación que existe entre la información entregada en las notificaciones versus el resultado de la confirmación mediante la técnica de referencia. Resultados: De 1.566 pacientes estudiados 3,4% (53 casos) fue confirmado para SCPH. De las notificaciones analizadas 58,6% estaban con datos incompletos. Los porcentajes de positividad de la técnica de referencia asociada a fiebre, mialgia y cefalea, fueron de 80-85%. Destaca que la presencia de inmunoblastos (> 10%), presenta: S: 25%, E: 98%, VPP: 37%, VPN: 97%. Paratrombocitopenia se obtuvo: S: 98%, E: 74%, VPP: 16%, VPN: 100%. Conclusión: Se hace necesario reiterar a nivel del sistema sanitario chileno la importancia de contar con datos completos en los formularios de notificación. La presencia de trombocitopenia e inmunoblastos (> 10%) fue altamente sensible y especifica, respectivamente, en la detección de pacientes con SCPH. Con el fin de optimizar la sospecha de infección por hantavirus, según la definición de caso sospechoso, se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar programas de capacitación para la sospecha clínica y lectura de parámetros de laboratorio, tales como presencia de inmunoblastos en el hemograma, así como incluir un algoritmo con el fin de optimizar la sospecha y el uso adecuado de los recursos sanitarios.


Background: Currently in Chile, due to the frequent clinical suspicion of Hantavirus disease and the high public health impact that this causes, it is necessary to strengthen the criteria for clinical and epidemiological suspicion in the health team. Objective: To analyze the information contained in the reports of suspected Hantavirus infection versus the confirmatory diagnosis with the reference technique, IgM capture ELISA anti-hantavirus. Material andMethods: Correlation between the information provided in notifications versus the result of confirmation was analyzed by calculating diagnostic accuracy. Results: 3.4% of 1,566 patients studied (53 cases) was confirmed as SCPH. 58.6% of the analyzed notifications was incomplete. The percentage of positivity of the reference technique associated with fever, myalgia and headache was 80-85%. The presence of immunoblasts (> 10%) showed 25% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 37% PPV, 97% NPV. Thrombocytopenia exhibited 98% sensitivity, 74% specificity, 16% PPV, 100% NPV. Conclusion: It is necessary to reinforce the importance of comprehensive data reporting at the health system level. The presence of thrombocytopenia and immunoblasts (> 10%) is highly sensitive and specific, respectively, for detecting patients with SCPH. There is a need to develop training programs in order to optimize the suspicion of Hantavirus infection and appropriate use of health resources.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Hantaan virus/isolation & purification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Disease Notification/standards , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/diagnosis , Reference Standards , Reference Values , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Serologic Tests/methods , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chile , Sensitivity and Specificity , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(1): 1-9, feb. 2016. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841531

ABSTRACT

El virus Andes es el agente causante del síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus en Argentina y países limítrofes. Existen varios genotipos característicos en las cuatro regiones endémicas del país. En la provincia de Buenos Aires, zona central, co-circulan tres genotipos: AND-BsAs, AND-Lechiguanas y AND-Plata. A partir de los casos confirmados por ELISA y PCR en tiempo real durante el período 2009-2014 en Buenos Aires, se evaluó la distribución anual, la letalidad y la distribución geográfica dentro de la provincia; mediante RT-PCR y secuenciación nucleotídica se analizaron los genotipos implicados. También se estudió la evidencia epidemiológica para determinar la ruta de infección en casos agrupados. Se analizaron 1386 muestras de casos sospechosos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, confirmándose 88 casos de Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus durante el período 2009-2014. El promedio general fue de 14.3 casos por año. El análisis del genotipo viral se realizó en el 30.7% de los casos confirmados, AND-BsAs fue el de mayor incidencia, caracterizado en el 72% de los casos estudiados. Se confirmó la ocurrencia de un brote de síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus Buenos Aires durante el año 2013, con un registro de casos 3 veces mayor respecto al promedio anual del período 2009-2012, con tendencia a normalizarse durante 2014. La letalidad general fue del 25.6%, con un valor máximo de 45.5% en 2011. Se evaluaron los datos epidemiológicos y los resultados obtenidos del análisis de comparación de genomas virales en 3 agrupamientos de 2 casos cada uno, sugiriendo fuertemente transmisión persona a persona.


Andes virus is the causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Argentina and neighboring countries. In our country four different areas are affected: Northwest, Southwest, Central and Northeast, where distinct Andes virus genotypes were characterized. Three genotypes were described in Buenos Aires province (Central area): AND-Buenos Aires, AND-Lechiguanas and AND-Plata. In this work, we considered all HPS cases confirmed by ELISA and real time RT-PCR during the period 2009-2014 in Buenos Aires province. The annual distribution, fatality rate and geographic distribution were analyzed. We also analyzed the genotypes involved by RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Finally we evaluated epidemiological data in order to establish the route of transmission. We analyzed 1386 suspect cases of hantavirus infection from Buenos Aires province and we confirmed 88 cases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome during 2009-2014. The overall average was 14.3 cases per year. The occurrence of a HPS outbreak was confirmed in Buenos Aires province during 2013, showing a 3 fold increase in case number compared to the annual average between 2009 and 2012, tending to normalize during 2014. The overall lethality was 25.6%, with a maximum value of 45.5% in 2011. Genotype analysis was performed in 30.7% of confirmed cases, AND-BsAs show the highest incidence, it was characterized in 72% of the studied cases. Epidemiological data and results of viral genome comparison strongly suggest person-to-person transmission in the three clusters of two cases described in our study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/transmission , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Residence Characteristics , Incidence , Orthohantavirus/classification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Genotype
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 39(3): 237-240, maio-jun. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433385

ABSTRACT

Pouco se conhece sobre os fatores determinantes de bom prognóstico na síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavírus. Foram revisados os prontuários médicos de 27 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus com o objetivo de avaliar dados clínicos e laboratoriais eventualmente associados com bom prognóstico dos pacientes. Os seguintes fatores foram associados com evolução clínica favorável quando analisados na admissão hospitalar: pressão arterial sistólica maior ou igual a 100mmHg (p=0,07); freqüência cardíaca abaixo de 100/minuto (p=0,01); níveis de creatinina sérica abaixo de 1,6mg/dl (p=0,03); pH do sangue arterial igual ou maior que 7,35 (p=0,03); bicarbonato sanguíneo igual ou maior que 15mEq/dl (p=0,03); saturação de oxigênio arterial maior que 84% (p=0,02); menor volume infundido (p=0.008) e ausência de indicação de aminas vasoativas (p< 0,001). Dessa forma, ausência de sinais clínicos e laboratoriais de choque circulatório na admissão hospitalar foi associada com bom prognóstico nos pacientes com síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Blood Gas Analysis , Bicarbonates/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Creatinine/blood , Fluid Therapy , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/physiopathology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/therapy , Heart Rate/physiology , Prognosis
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 62(1): 1-8, 2002. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-314489

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzed the prevalence and distribution of serological reactivity to hantavirus (antibody against ANDES virus) of human population exposed to hantavirus and rodents trapped in the studied area. This study was developed in Salta (Oran and San Martin Departments), area with the highest incidence for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in Argentina. In December 1997, 453 healthy people were studied by serology and 39 rodents by serology and PCR. The studied individuals were distributed as: 145 farm inhabitants (FI), 212 people living in the same dwelling with healthy individuals (controls) (Cco), 87 people living in the same dwelling with persons undergoing SPH in 1997 (cases) (Cca). Moreover, 19 physicians and nurses who cared for patients with SPH in 1997 were also studied. The prevalence of hantavirus infection among the studied population was 6.3 percent. The prevalence was 10.3 percent among FI, 6.9 percent among Cca and 3.3 percent among Cco (p < 0.02). There was no serological reactivity among PS. The prevalence in 39 trapped rodents was 10.2 percent, with infection only for Oligoryzomys chacoensis, O. flavescens and Akodon varius species.The prevalence of human cases with asymptomatic infection in Salta is higher than in other regions of the country, and we are presenting a hypothesis to explain these differences. The analyzed data suggest that in this region up to the time this study was performed, there would not have been person to person transmission of hantavirus. The transmission would be from rodent contact exclusively and mainly in ongoing deforestation areas and domestic habitat surrounding rural dwellings.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Endemic Diseases , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Antibodies, Viral , Argentina , Chi-Square Distribution , Disease Reservoirs , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Incidence , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Rodentia , Seroepidemiologic Studies
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 61(2): 147-156, 2001. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286340

ABSTRACT

En Argentina los primeros casos de Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus (SPH) se caracterizaron en 1995 y apartir de entonces es el país de Sudamérica con mayor número de casos notificados. Esta enfermadad se distribuye en varias provincias del país en las zonas Norte, Sur y Centro siendo, en esta última, Buenos Aires la provincia más afectada. En este estudio presentamos la distribución geográfica y estacional de casos de SPH, su asociación a los diversos linajes virales presentes y características serológicas de la infección por hantavirus en la provincia de Buenos Aires entre los años de 1997 y el primer semestre del 2000. Se observó un aumento del número de casos de SPH hasta 1999 y un gradual descenso de la mortalidad en todo el período. Los casos ocurrieron entre primavera y otoño, con el máximo en verano. Se estudió la respuesta serológica en 58 casos confirmados de SPH a distintos tiempos después del inicio de la enfermedad. Los genomas virales provenientes de 39 casos fueron caracterizados como virus Andes (AND): AND Cent Plata 16 porciento, AND Cent Lec 21 porciento y AND Cent Bs.As. 60 porciento. La Plata fue el único partido donde cocircularon linajes. Estos resultados contribuirán a estabelecer un mapa de riesgo que permita optimizar las estrategias de prevención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Argentina/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Genome, Viral , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/immunology , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 42(1): 41-6, Jan.-Feb. 2000. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-254828

ABSTRACT

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) has been recognized recently in Brazil, where 28 cases have been reported as of September 1999. We report here the clinical and laboratory findings of three cases whose diagnoses were confirmed serologically. All the patients were adults who presented a febrile illness with respiratory symptoms that progressed to respiratory failure that required artificial ventilation in two of them. Laboratory findings were most of the time consistent with those reported in the United States in patients infected with the Sin Nombre virus, and included elevated hematocrit and thrombocytopenia; presence of atypical lymphocytes was observed in one patient. The chest radiological findings observed in all the patients were bilateral, diffuse, reticulonodular infiltrates. Two patients died. Histopathological examination of the lungs of these patients revealed interstitial and alveolar edema, alveolar hemorrhage, and mild interstitial pneumonia characterized by infiltrate of immunoblasts and mononuclear cells. In the epidemiologic investigation of one of the cases, serologic (ELISA) tests were positive in 3 (25 percent) out of 12 individuals who shared the same environmental exposure. HPS should be included in the differential diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia progressing to acute respiratory failure


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Brazil , Fatal Outcome , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
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